Besavilla Cartography Practice Exam

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• When map entries are overcrowded, which description should be tabulated?
• A map projection in which its reference ellipsoid is Clarke 1866 with origin latitude at the equator and origin longitude at the central meridian.
• For the 1:2000 sectional cadastral map at bottom right, which sectional number is shaded?
• As required in preparation of a C.M., at latitude 17-36 N and longitude 121-42 E, the title page is labeled:
• Which map projection is constructed by computing arc lengths along selected geographic meridians and along great circles perpendicular to that meridian and plotting these as rectangular coordinates on a plane?
• The following survey symbols designate public land surveys such as Advance Plans. Which symbol is correct?
• What is the cadastral number for the Sectional Cadastral map in the 1:1000 scale for the bottom-left quadrant at coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E?
• Term used by commercial map publishers for maps with altitude tints, contrasted with political maps.
• Camera lenses with an angular field-of-view less than 75 degrees are classified as what?
• Which projection is desired for a world map east-west extent?
• Where is the sectional cadastral mapCM 14-49 N 120-54 E sec.3 located on the standard cadastral map?
• The representation of land in isolated land title records is referred to by which term?
• A camera lens with a focal length greater than 305 mm is termed as:
• Which map type uses a standard scale of 1:60,000?
• In a polygon projection map, which statement is true?
• Which offices should be consulted on the minimum width of municipal and barangay road?
• What is the central meridian for zone V of the Philippine Plane Coordinate System?
• What is the process of converting aerial photographs into map products called?
• A line that intersects all successive meridians at the same constant angle is generally called a
• Who is listed as the father of English cartography in the material?
• Which symbol marks a hydrographic survey?
• The process of describing depth by combining two eye images is called
• The scale expression 1:50,000 is an example of a
• Bedrock maps show geologic formation that is either exposed at the surface or overlain by surface deposits. Such maps are essential for construction projects and mineral exploration. What type of map is this?
• Which map type shows horizontal positions without relief shading?
• Which symbol is used for political boundary surveys?
• What is the dimension of the standard concrete monuments defining the positions of barangay boundaries?
• Which scale is used for the sectional cadastral maps described in the material?
• Which symbol designates Reclaimed Lands?
• Which suffix is used to identify a survey accepted by LMS in the Bureau of Lands?
• The notation 17-36 N and 121-42 E represents which geographic notation?
• For lots less than 1 hectare in area, a general classification such as residential lot, home lot, rice land, or sugar-cane land shall be indicated therein. Which description best fits this requirement?
• A study of drawing maps, charts, globes and relief models
• A drawing of a three-dimensional body related to 3 axes; the dimensions parallel to the axes are true to scale; one axis is usually vertical?
• In 1729, topographic contour lines were introduced by a professional from which country?
• Where do you submit the survey returns for verification and approval?
• The angular increment between consecutive central meridians in the PPCS is which value?
• In cartography, scale is defined as the ratio of map distance to what distance?
• Which grid/system considers the portion between two selected parallels of latitude as a horizontal slice of a cone?
• Which of the following is not considered to be a map?
• Which projection uses rays that are perpendicular to a plane tangent to the sphere?
• CM Tuguegarao 151, CM 17-37 N 121-42 S. What is the CM North of this cadastral map?
• Who was the mathematician credited with inventing trigonometry and pioneering its use in cartography?
• A reference element, such as a line or plane, to which the position of other elements is related is called
• One of the limitations of azimuthal projection is that
• Which camera component houses the drive mechanism for the shutter and the magazine?
• Which term describes lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole on a map?
• Which map type is described by a scale of 1:4000 and is drawn on stable base approximately 54 by 54 centimeters?
• Which term describes the constant vertical distance between two contour lines?
• A continuous map formed by mounting several maps together is called a
• Which projection is cylindrical with two standard parallels?
• For orientation, which symbol indicates the direction of the reference meridian used in a map?
• Which group of projections derives from projecting the parallels and meridians of a globe onto a tangent or secant cone and then developing the cone into a plane?
• What is the central meridian for Zone III of the Philippine plane coordinate system?
• Which symbol designates National Government Land or Private Consolidation of undecreed property?
• For coordinates 14°49'N and 120°54'E, which cadastral number corresponds to the top left quadrant of the 1:500 sectional map for Sector 3-C?
• Which projection is best for plotting great-circle navigation routes?
• A map used to emphasize a single topic such as geology, population, crop production, land use and meteorological data is called
• Cadastral maps, municipal base maps, provincial base maps and regional base maps are collectively known as
• Which map is three-dimensional with contours?
• Hipparchus is regarded as the father of which fields?
• A method of color reproduction using filters and halftone screens.
• In the gnomonic projection, with the plane tangent at the equator, which arrangement of grid lines is correct?
• Which of the following characteristics is true of the Mercator projection?
• Which term refers to a fixed reference point used to locate features on a map?
• Which type of projections could be considered cylindrical or rectangular projections?
• Which camera accessory consists of pieces of colored glass placed in front of the lens to prevent stray light from entering the camera?
• The photograph unit that consists of three wide-angle single-lens cameras is known as what?
• Tracts not adjoining each other when plotted on one plan under one survey number shall have what computed and shown on the map?
• When a corner is inaccessible, its position is defined by two what?
• Which zone has a central meridian of 125°?
• For coordinates 14°49'N and 120°54'E, which cadastral number corresponds to the top right quadrant of the 1:500 sectional map with Sector 1-C?
• Which symbol shall designate cadastral surveys by Geodetic Engineers?
• Which map type is drawn to a scale of 1:4000 by using the length of minutes and seconds of arc of the parallel and meridian passing through the Bureau of Lands Location Monument No. 1 as the reference point?
• A group of projection with horizontal parallelsand evently set vertical meridians.
• In the Lambert Conformal Conic projection, which statement is true about directions within the standard parallels?
• Which map type uses a spheroidal quadrangle of one minute of latitude and one minute of longitude, drawn in the Philippine Plane Coordinate System at a 1:4000 scale on stable drafting material of approximately 54 by 54 centimeters?
• A map showing boundaries and subdivisions of tract of land prepared by surveying
• Which symbol is used to designate cadastral surveys by Geodetic Engineers?
• Which map projection is produced by projecting meridians and parallels onto a cone tangent to the sphere and then developing the cone into a plane?
• Hachures are series of short lines drawn in which direction?
• Which projection has a maximum azimuth error of 0° 4'?
• Geographical features on the map should be represented in their true shapes. This is referred to as what?
• Which symbol denotes special work order surveys?
• Which projection family preserves the area of geographic regions?
• Which term best describes the set of maps that includes cadastral, municipal base maps, provincial base maps, and regional base maps?
• Which statement accurately describes the orthomorphic grid system in relation to its overall complexity?
• Corner markers on isolated land survey plans should be indicated by small circles of what diameter in millimeters?
• The angular space visible through a telescope is called what?
• Which map shows parcel boundaries and parcel ownership?
• What is the extent of zone II in the Philippine Plane Coordinate System?
• Who determined the circumference of the Earth and was keeper of the Library of Alexandria?
• Which term describes a tracing map on transparent material used in color separation?
• Which ground is defined as the natural bed of lakes, ponds, and pools?
• The group of projection with horizontal parallels and evenly set vertical meridians is known as
• A photograph made by joining several photographs taken at a single camera station usually by a multi-lens camera is called what?
• When the boundary line follows the direction of irregular rice land dikes, monuments should be placed at corners within what average interval (from monument to monument)?
• A type of photograph that has emerged from space exploration, with cameras that may be fixed on Earth, on a spacecraft, in an artificial satellite, or on the Moon or near planets.
• Which device automatically trips the shutter at a specified time and advances film?
• A synthetic resin of great dimensional stability, used in drawing maps.
• Which term refers to any wide natural bed or channel through which the water flows continuously or intermittently throughout the year?
• What term describes photographs taken by a precision camera mounted in an airplane, balloon, or spacecraft flying over the area?
• Who drew nautical charts of Manila that were unsurpassed in accuracy for about 270 years after 1536?
• What is the cadastral number for the sectional map in the 1:250 scale in the top-left quadrant for coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E?
• What is the maximum azimuth error for the Albers projection?
• The term "Rutter" refers to which manual?
• Which map would you use to depict the bathymetry of the seabed?
• A T-shaped tool to squeeze out superfluous ink or any other liquid from a surface
• Vegetation types that may be indicated within the area under cultivation using light dotted lines include which of the following?
• The term for a symbolized representation of the Earth's surface drawn to scale on a flat plane is which of the following?
• What is the maximum scale error of the Polyconic projection?
• What enables continuous view of terrain and ground coverage?
• In a Lambert conformal projection, the magnitude of scale distortion for an area map is fixed by which limits?
• Living edible fruit trees could be considered as monuments of permanent nature to be used in defining and marking corners when it has a diameter of not less than how many centimeters?
• What is the term for the camera component that governs exposure time by controlling how long light passes through the lens?
• Which projection type is designed so that areas on the map are proportional to their areas on the globe?
• Which map projection has distances along the central meridian but distortions toward the east and west edges?
• What term describes a method of rapid notations of geographic data in a notebook or on maps?
• For coordinates 14°49'N and 120°54'E, which cadastral number corresponds to the top right quadrant of the 1:500 sectional map for Sector 3-C?
• Which symbol designates Group Settlement Surveys?
• Map that shows the base map plus economic information
• A line on the map which crosses the successive meridians at constant angle, also called a rhumbline, is known as what?
• Which map is used to locate the principal point or geometric center of a photograph?
• What is the minimum length specified for monuments for both cylindrical and parallelepiped forms?
• Which contour feature is commonly used to indicate a depression on maps in the provided material?
• The relationship between a distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the ground.
• A map showing general information used as a base upon which thematic map information is added is called what?
• Any map representing large regions, countries, or continents on a small scale is called
• Which term relates to the relative darkness of gray tones used to convey tonal variation on maps?
• Conical projections are derived from a tangent or secant cone and are especially suitable for which latitude range?
• Which symbol denotes private land surveys by Private Geodetic Engineers?
• Any map showing boundaries and subdivisions of a tract of land determined by surveying is called
• The plans of isolated land survey shall be drawn in which medium?
• It refers to the relationship which the distance between any two points on the map bears to the corresponding distance on the ground.
• The depth in the ground for provincial, city and municipal boundary monuments is how many centimeters?
• Which map projection is produced by projecting the geographic meridians and parallels onto a cone which is tangent to the surface of a sphere and then developing the cone into a plane?
• Corner circles on isolated land survey plans are drawn in what ink color?
• Which projection has a maximum azimuth error of zero?
• What is the central meridian for zone IV of the Philippine Plane Coordinate System?
• Every parallel of latitude is represented on a map by the developed circumference of a right cone tangent to the Earth at the parallel of the projection. Which projection is described?
• The relative darkness of grays on air photos is called what?
• The unit of length derived from 10 millionth part of the arc distance between the equator and poles. It is 39.37 inches long
• In a Lambert projection, the scale factor is less than one between standard parallels.
• For surveys undertaken by private geodetic engineers, what letters mark the corners?
• Which organic colloid swells in cold water and dissolves in hot water and is used in most photographic emulsions?
• A characteristic of the Transverse Mercator grid system is that
• Which Dutchman drew the first map devoted exclusively to the Philippines?
• Which term describes the technique that combines shading with altitude tinting to depict terrain relief?
• Which projection is characterized by projecting lines that are parallel and perpendicular to the tangent plane of the map?
• Bedrock maps are essential for which activities?
• In the Lambert conic projection, geodetic azimuth minus the convergence equals which of the following?
• Which symbol is used to designate private land surveys by Private Geodetic Engineers?
• Which symbol designates Lease Application (individual)?
• Which symbol is used to designate public land surveys such as Free Patent Application?
• Which projection is not advisable beyond 70 degrees latitude because of distortion?
• For the same coordinates, which cadastral number corresponds to the bottom left position on the 1:500 sectional map?
• In private practice, the GE uses survey symbols suffixed to identify the survey being accepted by the LMS\DENR. What is the suffix?
• What is the maximum scale error associated with the Albers projection?
• A primary feature of a Lambert projectionis
• What is the width of easements for banks of arroyos, streams, esteros and rivers and shorelines in urban areas?
• What is the extent of zone V in the Philippine Plane Coordinate System?
• What is the minimum depth of the conical hole used to center the top?
• The term for the color sequence indicating elevations between contour lines is
• Which projection is commonly used for sea navigation?
• What is the central meridian for zone I of the Philippine Plane Coordinate System?
• Which term refers to a small spherical model of the Earth used in cartography?
• For coordinates 14°49'N and 120°54'E, which cadastral number corresponds to the top right quadrant of the 1:500 sectional map for Sector 1-C?
• Which projection family includes Polyconic, Bonne, and Lambert Conformal Conic forms as conical projections?
• Which projection has error that increases as you move away from the central meridian?
• Which symbol designates Public Lands Delimitation?
• A systematic drawing to scale on a plane surface of lines representing the parallels and meridians of the earth is termed a what?
• What is the maximum azimuth error of Polyconic projection?
• Which statement describes Polyconic projection regarding how parallels are represented?
• Sectional cadastral map on the bottom right of the standard cadastral map and shall be numbered as: CM 14-49 N 120-54 E sec.3
• What type of lettering is typically used in maps representing relief features?
• Which term is used to describe the maximum scale error for the Albers projection?
• Which map type shows relief and other features?
• Which method uses small curve hill-shaped lines to indicate relief on small maps?
• An instrument used for measuring the area of a map is called a
• Which map shows rock types in a stratigraphic unit and indicates the location of sandstone within the formation?
• Which map projection is used for areas that are predominantly north-south direction?
• In the described projection, Clarke 1866 ellipsoid is used with latitude origin at the equator and longitude origin at the central meridian; which projection is this?
• Which description correctly identifies the Polyconic projection?
• Which term describes the device used for copying maps by placing them under a transparent surface with backlighting?
• Which of the following characteristics is true of the Lambert Conformal conic projection?
• Engraving lines, symbols, and windows in a scribe coating, usually for the preparation of a negative map reproduction
• Mapping of tunnel can be done by photogrammetric method with the aid of
• Which projection is used in mapping extensive areas of hemispherical proportion on any projection, whether conformal or equal-area?
• Mean Sea Level is an acronym used in mapping for which elevation reference?
• Father of English cartography?
• Which map has entries the names of claimants and adjacent boundaries of the project?
• Regional Base Maps cover an area of six degrees latitude by four degrees longitude. Which map type is this?
• Which term describes the set of lines used as the basis for plotting coordinates, i.e., the coordinate grid?
• Which symbol marks a special work order survey?
• Which bed or channel carries stagnant, dirty, or salt water flows under the influence of the tides?
• Foremost in the development of modern cartography?
• Which type of projections could be considered conical projections?
• Which color reproduction method uses filters and halftone screens?
• What is the projection above the ground for Bureau of Lands Location Monuments?
• Which aerial camera is used to photograph a continuous strip of terrain beneath the flight path?
• The maximum scale error of the Lambert Conformal Projection is what?
• What is the cadastral number for the sectional map in the 1:500 scale in the bottom-left quadrant for coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E?
• Small or medium scale map showing the nature of the relief by semi-pictural symbols?
• The kind of survey used for the purpose of locating markings under the surface of the earth is:
• What term describes a network of two sets of regularly spaced straight lines intersecting usually at right angles?
• The known father of cartography
• Which projection preserves the relative sizes of geographic areas?
• Which printing method is described as using the lithographic principle with greasy ink on metal rollers, transferring to a rubber cylinder and then to paper?
• Type of photographs taken from known ground-based positions with the camera axis horizontal or nearly so is called what?
• Which term refers to any narrow natural bed or channel through which the water flows continuously or intermittently throughout the year?
• A point whose elevation is noted on a map
• A topographic map of the ocean floor is called:
• The following survey symbols designate public land surveys such as Homestead Application. Which symbol is correct?
• For a group of small lots shown on one plan, what is sufficient to indicate their topographic features and/or general classification?
• Map projection turned right angles to their usual orientation is known as
• The GE in Bureau of Lands shall use the survey symbols for public land survey which shall be suffixed to identify said survey being accepted by the LMS\DENR. What is the suffix?
• Which projection resembles the Mercator projection but shows less exaggeration of area at higher latitudes and is commonly used for climatic maps?
• Which symbol is used to designate a resurvey?
• For Miscellaneous Sales Application (individual), which symbol is used?
• Any regular set of parallels and meridians upon which a map can be drawn is called
• What is the minimum depth in the ground for corner monuments installed for land tracts?
• Which camera component holds the supply of exposed and unexposed film in a light-tight container?
• Which term best describes the set of maps that includes cadastral, municipal base maps, provincial base maps, and regional base maps?
• Is a study of drawing maps, charts, globes, and relief models is called which field?
• What is the maximum area error for Alders projection?
• Lines drawn on maps connecting points of equal value?
• Which term is used for a three-dimensional representation on a map with one vertical axis?
• A map that uses elevation data to show vertical relief with shading and contours?
• For Sales Application (Individual), which symbol is used?
• Maps showing the distribution of rainfall, acreage of wheat, and religions of people are examples of which type of map?
• A part of an aerial camera which consists of a light-tight container which holds the supply of exposed and unexposed film.
• What is the scale factor of the central meridian of the Philippine Plane Coordinate System?
• The intersection points of parallels are truly spaced along which meridian?
• Which term describes the relative darkness of grays on air photos?
• What is the maximum diameter of the conical hole used to center the top of a corner monument?
• What is the distinguishing characteristic of the topographic map?
• How high above the ground should living trees be blazed when used to define corners?
• Which projection is associated with the Polyconic term?
• Which term describes a lune-shaped map designed to fit on a globe?
• Thematic maps are typically overlaid on which type of background?
• A point in the focal plane intersected by the optical axis and important for reconstructing the geometry.
• For coordinates 14°49'N and 120°54'E, which cadastral number corresponds to the bottom left quadrant of the 1:500 sectional map for Sector 1-C?
• What map scale term is the ratio of map distance to ground distance?
• A map with a scale of 1:25000 expresses that one unit on the map corresponds to how many units on the ground?
• What is the extent of zone III in the Philippine Plane Coordinate System?
• Which cannot be used to define corners when the tract is an island or surrounded by natural boundaries and standard concrete monuments are not feasible?
• Which projection is commonly referred to as Lambert Conformal Projection?
• Which term denotes a design photograph directly on sensitized paper?
• Which of the following best describes the analemma as used in cartography?
• A topographic map of the floor of the sea is known as what?
• Which map projection is used for cadastral surveys under the Philippine Plane Coordinate System?
• Which projection has a maximum area error of zero?
• Lithography is described as which printing method?
• Which symbol designates Public Lands Subdivision?
• Which symbol designates verification surveys?
• Which group of explorers is credited with leading to the new era of cartography?
• An angle defined in military terms as 1/6400 of a circle is called a
• The ratio of the photo distance to the map distance, multiplied by a map scale, is known as which term?
• What is the central meridian for zone III of the Philippine Plane Coordinate System?
• Maximum error of area of Lambert Conformal Conic?
• What term refers to a spherical body representing the Earth in cartography?
• In the 1:1000 maps, which position corresponds to the top left shading?
• What branch of the art of surveying deals with such great areas that it becomes necessary to make systematic allowance for the effect of the earth's curvature?
• What is the cadastral number for the sectional map in the 1:500 scale in the bottom-right quadrant for coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E?
• For coordinates 14°49'N and 120°54'E, what is the cadastral number for the bottom right quadrant of the 1:500 sectional map in Sector 1-C?
• For coordinates 14°49'N and 120°54'E, what is the cadastral number of the 1:500 sectional map at the top left for Sector 1-C?
• For a cadastral map, the intersection latitude 14°49'N and longitude 120°54'E corresponds to which cadastral number on the Sectional Cadastral Map (1:500) at the bottom right?
• The title 'Carta Hydugraphica y Chorographica de las Islas Filipinas' is the title of which map?
• Which camera type is the simplest and commonly used for mapping photographs?
• What does the map legend provide?
• In Gall projections, parallels are derived from a cylinder cutting the sphere at which latitudes?
• The term used to describe the map property that ensures features are shown in their true shapes is what?
• Which symbol shall designate segregation survey?
• The difference in direction of an object as observed from two different positions is called what?
• A map that shows land or submarine bottom relief in terms of height above or below a datum by contours, hachures, and shading is called:
• The most popular and useful instrument/method in 1512 for surveying and rapid delineation
• Which symbol is used to designate public land surveys such as Subdivision of undecreed property?
• Which chart is specifically used for air navigation?
• The normal spacing of lettering in maps is typically how relative to the width of a normal letter?
• Maps usually represented by means of dots, isopleths or isarithms, choropleth and dasymetric shading are known as what type of maps?
• Which Sectional Reference example corresponds to the bottom right position?
• An aero cartographer does what?
• MSL is an acronym used in mapping for the mean sea level. Which option best represents its meaning?
• For a sectional cadastral map at 1:2000 scale, top left shading uses which cadastral number?
• A set of maps which are sections of a larger area, such as topographic sheets
• The allowable error of closure for third order leveling
• Which symbol is used to designate private land subdivision of decreed property by Land Management Geodetic Engineer?
• What is the extent of zone I in the Philippine Plane Coordinate System, given its central meridian of 117°?
• Which symbol denotes cadastral surveys by Geodetic Engineers?
• What type of map shows the thickness of a specific stratigraphic interval using isopachs contour lines?
• Relative darkness of gray tones
• At coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E, which cadastral number corresponds to the 1:250 scale in the top-left quadrant?
• Which color is used in maps or plans to indicate distances?
• Which symbol designates triangulation surveys?
• Enlarging the vertical component on a profile, relief model, or block diagram to make it apparent.
• A type of scale that has a line subdivided into map distances corresponding to convenient units of length on the ground is called
• The maximum scale error of the Lambert Zenithal Projection is which value?
• The instrument used to draw smooth curves in map construction is which?
• What term refers to the surface used as a reference for geodetic surveys that closely resembles the geoid?
• Designs on maps used to represent various features
• Which symbol designates private land consolidation of decreed property by private land subdivision?
• Which term refers to the grid of latitude and longitude lines commonly used to locate geographic features?
• Which projection is widely used for air navigation due to angle preservation?
• A map projection in which rays originate from a point on the surface of the sphere and are projected into a plane is known as which projection?
• The normal spacing of lettering is typically less than the width of a normal letter. This refers to which dimension?
• In Gall projections, parallels are projected from which point on the equator to any meridian?
• Part of the camera which controls the length of time that light is permitted to pass through the lens.
• Who is known as the father of Dutch cartography?
• Which projection is a conic projection based on two standard parallels?
• A grid system in which West-East and South-North measurements are not always positive corresponds to which option?
• What is the cadastral number for the sectional map in the 1:250 scale in the bottom-right quadrant for coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E?
• A general map of large or small scale showing all important features, including relief.
• The education of a cartographer should take which field?
• Which projection has rays parallel and perpendicular to a plane tangent to a sphere?
• Which field is emphasized in cartography education according to the material?
• In air photography, what term refers to the point where the optical axis intersects the ground?
• What is the cadastral number for the sectional map in the 1:250 scale in the bottom-left quadrant for coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E?
• What is the term used for the surface reference that resembles a sphere and is used in geodetic mapping?
• Maximum error of area in Polyconic projection is:
• First- and second-order leveling are commonly termed what?
• In the Transverse Mercator projection, distances are measured along which line?
• What is the dimension of standard concrete monuments defining the position of provincial, city, and municipal boundaries?
• At coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E, which cadastral number corresponds to the 1:250 scale in the bottom-left quadrant?
• A map projection which is neither conformal nor equal is called which?
• Which map represents large regions, countries or continents on a small scale?
• In all isolated land survey lots with areas of 1 hectare or more, there shall be indicated in light dotted lines the approximate boundary of the area under cultivation and the nature of its vegetation (such as rice, pastures, woods, etc.).
• Which term denotes the practice of preparing a negative map reproduction by engraving on a coated surface?
• Which symbol shall be used to designate special plans in survey notation?
• Geodetic engineers shall submit their______________ filled out in the appropriate blanks and signed and scaled by them.
• What is the minimum length for each arm of the cross when defining a corner?
• Which term is used for a large navigation map?
• A grid system in which the WE and SN measurements are not always positive is which?
• Projection used by the Land Management Bureau of the Philippines using initial coordinates of 20,000 N and 20,000 East is :
• What is the cadastral number for the 1:2000 bottom left map?
• Immovable or fixed hard rocks or boulders could be considered as monuments of permanent nature to be used in defining and marking corners when it has a diameter of the exposed surface of more than how many meters?
• Which photogrammetry area is used to recognize objects on photographs and produce maps of soil types, vegetation, rock types, or other environmental factors?
• What is the term for the process of engraving lines and symbols on a coating to prepare a map negative?
• The unit of length commonly used in surveying and mapping?
• Which projection consists of a series of cones with apexes on the polar axis and is ideal for north-south countries, though not suitable for large-scale maps?
• The projection in which meridians and parallels are projected onto a plane tangent to the sphere from a point on the earth's surface opposite to the point of tangency is the
• For Barangay boundary monuments, which statement correctly describes the depth and projection?
• Which symbol designates Foreshore Lease Application (individual)?
• Which area of photogrammetry uses measurements made on aerial photographs to obtain quantitative data about the earth's surface?
• Which object could be used as monuments of permanent nature to define and mark corners when its diameter exceeds 1 meter?
• Which map type is prepared and kept up to date for each city, municipality, or municipal district, covering a spheroidal quadrangle of 15 minutes of arc in latitude and 10 minutes of arc in longitude, and drawn in the Philippine Plane Coordinate System at a scale of 1:60,000?
• Which symbol is used for fishpond application surveys?
• Which projection is used when meridians are equally spaced but parallels increase as they go farther from the equator?
• Which map represents large regions, countries or continents at a small scale?
• An X-shaped divider, formed by joining a pair of two-pointed arms which is used for enlargement and reduction.
• Small or medium scale map-showing the nature relief by semi-pictorial symbols is called what?
• Which of the following is the cadastral designation for the top right 1:1000 map?
• Which map type is prepared and kept up to date for each province?
• In perspective drawing, parallel lines receding into the distance appear to meet at which point?
• The angular space observable through an optical instrument is known as what?
• Which symbol denotes Reclaimed Lands?
• Which term represents a map that shows the base map with additional data such as economic information layered on it?
• A systematic drawing of lines representing meridians and parallels on a plane surface, either for the whole earth or for a portion, is known as what?
• One characteristic of the orthomorphic grid system is that
• Which projection is described as a projection on which the shape of any small area remains unchanged?
• The common projection used in mapping an area of predominantly east to west direction
• For the 1:2000 sectional cadastral map at bottom left, which sectional number is shaded?
• Which color is used in maps or plans to indicate longitude and latitude?
• When across (x) mark is used to define a corner, the cross mark must be chiseled to a depth of at least how many millimeters?
• Which lines on the globe run east-west and are parallel to the equator?
• Which method permits drawing contour lines and other detail by using two overlapping air photos under a stereoscopic instrument?
• Which term refers to the shortest distance between two points on the Earth's surface, following a path that crosses meridians at varying angles?
• With which one of the following types of projections do serious defects develop toward the north and the south boundaries if the total area mapped includes more than 30 degrees of latitude?
• Several air photos mounted together to form a continuous picture of a large area.
• The angle formed between the magnetic meridian and the true meridian is called:
• A lens with a field of view between 75 and 100 degrees is commonly called what?
• Which term refers to color gradations like altitude tint patterns?
• Which relief representation method uses short lines to indicate slope direction, becoming heavier with steeper slope?
• Which projection is commonly described as being least suitable for general office use due to latitude-based area distortion?
• Magnetic declination is defined with respect to which meridian?
• A focal length of the camera that is less than 305 mm (12 inches) is known as:
• A selective, symbolized and generalized picture on a much reduced scale of some spatial distribution of a large area, usually the Earth’s surface is called what?
• Which projection has rays originating from the center of the Earth?
• Which term refers to lines drawn on maps that connect points of equal value?
• Which term best matches the natural bed or channel described for arroyos?
• Which projection projects from a point on the sphere's surface to a plane?
• What is the prescribed width of the easements for lands bordering seas, gulfs, bays or ports?
• Which symbol is used for topographic surveys?
• A mathematical figure closely approximating the geoid and used as a surface reference for geodetic surveys is called a
• Contours are shown on maps as traces of level surfaces of what?
• An explanation of symbols on map?
• Which term describes the practice of combining multiple aerial photographs into a single large image?
• Which map projection projects geographic meridians and parallels onto a cylinder which is tangent to the surface of a sphere and develops the cylinder into a plane?
• For coordinates 14°49'N and 120°54'E, what is the cadastral number of the 1:500 sectional map at the top left for Sector 3-C?
• What is the central meridian for Zone I of the Philippine plane coordinate system?
• Which color is conventionally used to denote vegetation on maps?
• Hypsography on a map relates to which aspect?
• What is the standard map scale used on cadastral maps?
• In which projection does the equator appear as a horizontal line and the poles lie at their correct surface distance from the equator?
• Which grid system has the most suitable projection for over-all geographic coverage?
• If there are more than how many lots on the plans, lot descriptions thereof shall be prepared on authorized forms?
• For coordinates 14°49'N and 120°54'E, which cadastral number corresponds to the top left quadrant of the 1:500 sectional map with Sector 1-B?
• Which term describes the line on the Earth's surface formed by a plane passing through both poles?
• In agricultural areas, the easement width for the banks of arroyos, streams, esteros and rivers and the shore of seas and lakes throughout their entire length is within a zone of how many meters?
• The brain's fusion of the two eye images to create a three-dimensional impression is called
• Which mathematician is credited with inventing trigonometry?
• Which term denotes the graphics used to represent features on a map?
• The rate of vertical change per unit distance on the Earth's surface is known as what?
• Which term best fits a projection where the shape of any small area remains unchanged?
• Color of ink to plot the latitude and longitude of corner 1 on plan
• Which relief representation method uses short lines parallel to the dip of the slope, with heavier lines for steeper slopes?
• The constant vertical distance between two adjacent contour lines is called what?
• Which grid system is best described as suitable for very small, long and narrow areas with the long axis in the direction of a meridian or parallel?
• The point in perspective where parallel lines appear to meet is called the
• Which term describes a map that is made by joining several sheets to form a single continuous representation?
• Which symbol is used to designate private land subdivision of decreed property by private land surveyor?
• A planimetric map does not attempt to portray heights or differences in elevation. It is only a representation of the earth's surface in
• A type of photograph which has a photographic unit consisting of three wide-angle single-lens cameras.
• A line crossing meridians at a constant angle is also known as which term?
• Which is NOT a requirement of a grid system?
• Conventional color for hypsography water features shown on the map?
• Which symbol marks a triangulation survey?
• Which instrument is used to copy maps at different scales by tracing the original and scaling?
• In the Philippine plane coordinate system, which zone has central meridian 121°?
• A glass top table with lights underneath the glass which is used for copying is called what?
• Which symbol designates relocation surveys?
• The configuration or shape and roughness of the ground is referred to as what?
• An arc distance from a prime meridian measured in degrees
• What is the width of easements for banks of arroyos, streams, esteros, and rivers and the shore of seas and lakes in agricultural areas?
• Which projection type is designed to preserve the size of geographic areas across the map?
• At coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E, what is the cadastral number for the 1:1000 scale in the bottom-right quadrant?
• Bearings and distances shall be tabulated on the plan when they are too numerous to be drawn or shown clearly along or near the boundary line. The condition described is that they are:
• The Transverse Mercator projection is best suited for states that have what characteristic?
• Which term denotes a small or medium scale map that shows relief using semi-pictorial symbols?
• Selection, symbolization, and generalized picture are aspects of which of the following?
• What is the central meridian for zone II of the Philippine Plane Coordinate System?
• Which term refers to the method of depicting the world on a plane by projecting lat-long coordinates to a flat surface?
• Maps which represent the earth's surface in three dimensions and usually uses contours to indicate relief is termed as:
• The part of the camera which contains the lens, filter, diaphragm, nodal points, and the shutter.
• Which term describes the preservation of the relative sizes of geographic areas on a map?
• Hypsography on a map refers to which feature?
• Maps symbols which are employed to portray different types of cartographic detail such as bodies of water, vegetation, and various ground features are called what?
• Conventional color used in hypsography?
• Map scale giving the ratio between any small distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the ground, as 1:62500.
• Which term describes the component that contains the lens, filter, diaphragm, nodal points, and shutter?
• In forest areas, the easement width for the banks of arroyos, streams, esteros and rivers and the shore of seas and lakes throughout their entire length is within a zone of how many meters?
• In the Mercator projection, straight lines represent which of the following?
• Which symbol marks a political boundary survey?
• A river or lake which is dry for three months, or more, on the average?
• The map scale 1:25000 is best described as a
• What is the maximum azimuth error for the Lambert projection?
• What is made from finely powdered graphite mixed with clay?
• Which projection is a conic projection based on two standard parallels?
• Which symbol is used for private land subdivision of decreed property by Land Management Geodetic Engineer?
• The maximum area error of the Lambert Zenithal projection is equal to what value?
• The configuration or shape and roughness of the ground is referred to as what cartographic term?
• Conventional color to represent vegetation on the map?
• A network of lines of latitude used on a map is known as:
• Trees belonging to the first group can be monuments when their diameter is 15 to 50 centimeters. Which option matches this range?
• In plane surveying, the distance between two points is defined as which distance?
• The Earth's shape is often described as a spheroid because its major and minor axes do not vary greatly. Which statement best reflects this?
• What term describes the formation of regular light and dark patches caused by interference of two half-tone screens?
• Which instrument, shaped as an X, is used for enlargement and reduction of drawings?
• What is the prescribed width of easements for banks of arroyos, streams, esteros and rivers, and the shorelines throughout their entire length in forest areas?
• Which color is used for all man-made or cultural features, political subdivisions, place names, guidelines and lettering on the map?
• The present projection used in cadastral project and topographic projects in the Philippines is :
• Which term describes the principal point in the focal plane?
• Which object not less than 10 centimeters in diameter can be considered as a monument?
• An instrument for copying maps on larger or smaller scale. Mostly are made of roads forming a parallelogram join on the four corners.
• Which document suffix identifies a survey accepted by LMS/DENR for private practice?
• The best known ancient Philippine map, also known as the Murillo-Velarde map, has which title on its page?
• What is the scale used for the Sectional Cadastral Map in the described examples?
• Which hydrographic method determines the depth of the underwater bed?
• Plastic shading combined with gradient (altitude) tints
• Which statement correctly describes the PPCS point of origin?
• Which map type comprises areas within spheroidal quadrangles of six degrees in latitude and four degrees in longitude, drawn in the polyconic projection at a scale of 1:800,000?
• Which office should be consulted on the minimum widths of roadways within residential subdivisions?
• The natural bed of lakes, ponds, and pools is defined as the ground covered by the water when at their greatest ordinary depth. Which option below states this correctly?
• Where are the names placed relative to symbols on a small-scale map?
• When marking intermediate points along boundary lines following irregular rice land dikes, which markers may be used?
• A closed backward contour line represents which feature on a map?
• What is the minimum outside diameter for metal pipes to be considered permanent monuments?
• Which projection characteristic has rays that originate from the center of the Earth?
• A special purpose map generally for water or air navigation is called a:
• Which term designates a bed or channel that carries stagnant, dirty, or salt water under the influence of tides?
• Camera lenses with an angular field of view more than 100 degrees are classified as what?
• What is the term for an imaginary line on the ground where all points have the same elevation?
• The depth in the ground for barangay boundary monuments is how many centimeters?
• Which term refers to a map sufficiently complete to be given to the engraver for printing plates?
• Which field studies the creation of maps, charts, globes, and relief models?
• For coordinates 14°49'N and 120°54'E, which cadastral number corresponds to the top right quadrant of the 1:500 sectional map for Sector 1-B?
• A tracing map, or part of it, on transparent paper or plastic; light-blue pulls are used in color separation.
• Shading on maps shows relative elevations and relies on shadows cast by which feature?
• Lithography is best described as which printing method?
• Maps that indicate forests, meadows, colors, patterns, indexes and figures are known as what?
• In the 1:2000 maps, which position corresponds to the top left shading?
• What is the term for a map scale where 1 cm on the map represents 1 km on the ground?
• For National Government Land or Private Land to be acquired by the National Government, which symbol is used?
• A map used for navigation in air or in water is called
• Which projection type is defined by all lines radiating from the center maintaining the same directional field as on the Earth's surface?
• A map scale can be expressed as a ratio or as a fraction; which statement is true?
• Camera lenses with an angular field-of-view ranging from 75 degrees to 100 degrees are classified as what?
• On a mercator projection, a line of constant true bearing is a
• Which projection is described as showing each parallel of latitude as the arc of a circle whose radius is equal to the length of the tangent from the parallel to the earth's axis?
• Brown is conventionally used on maps to indicate which feature?
• Which symbol is used to designate segregation survey?
• A map not showing relief, in contrast to topographic map.
• Which projection uses the property that the parallels are straight lines and the meridians are curved when the plane of projection is tangent at the equator?
• Arc distance from the equator measured in degrees?
• In the cadastral map example, identify the North value after 17-37?
• A modified equal-area conical projection with lines representing standard parallels and a central meridian intersecting near the center is known as which projection?
• For the 1:2000 sectional cadastral map at top right, which sectional number is shaded?
• Short lines perpendicular to the neat line marking grid system.
• An instrument for laying out angles.
• They are used to locate the principal point or geometric center.
• Men who led in the acquisition of knowledge of the world that contributed to the new era of cartography
• Which object not less than 15 centimeters in diameter can be considered as a monument?
• The Lambert Conformal projection is of which type?
• Who drew nautical charts of Manila that were unsurpassed in accuracy for about 270 years after being drawn in 1536?
• What is the art and science of preparing all types of maps and charts called?
• Which map type covers areas within spheroidal quadrangles of one degree and thirty minutes of arc in latitude and one degree of arc in longitude, drawn in the Philippine Plane Coordinate System at a scale of 1:400,000?
• What term describes maps that present spatial data using dots or shading to show distribution?
• Which symbol marks a relocation survey?
• A shade between black and white?
• Which symbol designates National Government Land or Private Land to be acquired by the National Government?
• The spreading of letters on the map such as countries, mountains, regions, etc. will depend on the skill of cartographer.
• Which device attaches the camera to the aircraft?
• What is the extent of zone IV in the Philippine Plane Coordinate System?
• Which map is regarded as the 'mother of all Philippine maps'?
• Which Lambert projection uses a cone as the projection surface?
• Which statement is true about corner markers and their descriptions on isolated land survey plans?
• Maps and plans of all land surveys in the Philippines are plotted on standard base maps projected upon spheroidal quadrangles of which spheroid?
• A sequence of colors usually varying from green to brown, marking zones of elevations between successive contour lines is called
• At coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E, what is the cadastral number for the 1:500 scale in the bottom-left quadrant?
• Which line maintains a constant bearing along its entire length?
• Which term describes showing relief on small to medium scale maps using semi-pictorial symbols?
• Which line defines the shoreline for boundary purposes?
• Scale expresses the relationship between distance on the map and distance on the ground. The distance on the ground is called
• Which symbol designates private land consolidation of decreed property by public Land Management Geodetic Engineer?
• Topographic cartography focuses on producing which type of maps?
• On a plane surface, contours are what?
• For use with the British grid, the map area should be which of the following shapes and orientations?
• Which symbol designates private land consolidation of decreed property by private Geodetic Engineer?
• Which class of map projections is defined by horizontal parallels and evenly spaced vertical meridians?
• Which statement correctly describes the order of geographic coordinates used on the CM title page?
• What is the cadastral number for the sectional map in the 1:500 scale in the top-left quadrant for coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E?
• Which part of a camera controls the amount of light striking the film emulsion positioned at the focal plane?
• The part of the camera which consists of a one-piece casting which houses the drive mechanism for the shutter assembly and the magazine.
• Which projection is especially suitable for portraying countries extending north-south such as the Philippines and Chile?
• What is the method for obtaining the position of points by observing and measuring from two or more intersection points?
• Which option best describes a thematic map?
• Which type of map is used to show distributions such as rainfall, crop areas, and religions?
• Which symbol designates Sales Application (Individual)?
• The distance between the rear nodal point of the lens and the focal plane.
• The natural bed or channel of arroyos, esteros, or rivers shall be:
• The area to be mapped must be small, long and narrow with the long axis in the direction of the meridian or parallel using a:
• A chart popularly called a great circle chart is the:
• Which term describes the dimensional scope of a planimetric map?
• What term denotes a collection of map sheets that cover a larger geographic region?
• Lands bordering seas, gulfs, bays or ports are burdened with a right-of-way easement of what width in meters?
• Streams having natural bends or channels in width of what minimum measurement shall be excluded from the boundaries of the property?
• Which camera type is used to capture a continuous strip along the flight line?
• Chorographic maps depict what kind of geographic extent?
• Color graduations on maps, like altitude tint, patterns applied to a map such as cellotints or Ben-Day tints are known as what?
• Which map type uses the polyconic projection?
• For coordinates 14°49'N and 120°54'E, what is the cadastral number for the bottom right quadrant of the 1:500 sectional map in Sector 1-B?
• Which group of projections makes any area on the map equivalent to its area on the globe?
• The Lambert conformal projection
• Which symbol designates private land consolidation and subdivision of decreed property by private Geodetic Engineer?
• Which projection has a maximum azimuth error of 0° 0'?
• The Philippine Plane Coordinate System has a point of origin at the intersection of the Equator and the Central Meridian of each zone, with an Easting value of how many meters?
• Which field is the science and art of preparing maps from photos?
• When a boundary line follows the direction of irregular rice land dikes, monuments shall be placed at corners within an average interval not to exceed how many meters?
• Survey symbol to designate consolidation and subdivision as decreed by Public Land Surveyor?
• What is the cadastral number for the Sectional Cadastral map in the 1:1000 scale for the bottom-right quadrant at coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E?
• Which term describes a representation of the terrain in three dimensions with suitable horizontal and vertical scales to provide a striking and realistic expression of topography?
• For coordinates 14°49'N and 120°54'E, which cadastral number corresponds to the bottom right quadrant of the 1:500 sectional map for Sector 1-B?
• What is the process called when engraving lines and symbols on a scribing coating to prepare a map negative?
• A representation of the terrain done in three dimensions to provide a striking and realistic expression of topography is called what?
• Which projection requires a separate computation and map for each city or base on which the map is centered?
• One point of similarity between true military grids and broad-area referencing systems in that both are
• What is the line traced by a plane that passes through both poles called?
• Which map projection projects geographic meridians and parallels onto a cylinder tangent to the earth’s surface?
• Which symbol designates Miscellaneous Sales Application (individual)?
• What is the cadastral number for the sectional map in the 1:500 scale in the top-right quadrant for coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E?
• Which symbol designates private land consolidation and subdivision of decreed property by Land Management Geodetic Engineer?
• CM, BM, PBM, and RBM are classifications of which type of map?
• What is the maximum azimuth error for the Lambert Zenithal projection?
• Concrete posts which are parts of the fence could be considered as monuments of permanent nature to be used in defining and marking corners when it has a diameter of not less than how many centimeters?
• Intermediate boundary points may be marked by which of the following?
• For Free Patent Application, which symbol is used?
• For coordinates 14°49'N and 120°54'E, what is the cadastral number of the Sectional Cadastral Map with a scale of 1:500 at the top left for Sector 1-B?
• Which map shows land or submarine bottom relief in terms of height above a datum, using contours, hachures and shading?
• On a globe, rhumb line is a
• Which map type is drafted on drafting materials approximately 104 by 104 centimeters?
• Loxodrome is defined as a line that maintains what along its length?
• A topo cartographer specializes in surveying what type of map?
• The earliest map devoted exclusively to the Philippines was titled which of the following?
• Which term describes the map element that explains symbols and conventions?
• Which projection family is formed by projecting the parallels and meridians onto a cone and then unfolding to a plane?
• Which projection preserves the direction from the center to any point such that lines radiating from the center have the same directions as on the Earth's surface?
• Mercator projections are widely used for navigation but are not advisable beyond 70 degrees latitude because of distortion.
• Which map displays the surface resulting from structural elements such as faults and folds, including the deformation of rock layers?
• Which projection is least suited for general office use because it distorts relative sizes across latitudes?
• What is the angular unit MIL equivalent to 1/6400 of a full circle?
• What is the cadastral number for the sectional map in the 1:250 scale in the top-right quadrant for coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E?
• Which projection is described as an equirectangular projection with evenly spaced parallels and meridians?
• Which government office should be consulted on the widths and center lines of public highways or roads existing or to be constructed?
• What name did the Chinese historically use for the Philippines?
• Which camera uses two or more lenses to expose multiple films at the same time?
• What is the adjective used to describe measurements relating to the depths of oceans?
• Which symbol is used for amendment surveys?
• Which term describes the distance between the rear nodal point and the focal plane?
• In terrestrial photogrammetry, the camera axis is generally oriented how?
• For lettering and representing man-made features such as roads and boundaries, the color used is
• Which grid system considers the portion of the earth between two selected parallels of latitude to be a horizontal slice of a cone?
• Which of the following characteristics is true of the gnomonic projection?
• Which map type depicts relief at small to medium scales using semi pictorial symbols?
• Projection used for air navigation:
• Which type of map is typically used to present data distributions with dots, shading and isopleths?
• Trees belonging to the first group could be considered as monuments of permanent nature to be used in defining and marking corners when it has a diameter from what to what centimeters?
• The representation of water features on maps?
• Map projection turned at right angles to their usual orientation.
• A point from which grid lines are laid out, usually in the center of the grid zone, is called what?
• At the North Pole, where is Polaris located in the sky relative to the observer?
• Pinpoint or crosses, or four sides of the map by which color separation drawings are adjusted to each other are called
• The inner border of a map is called
• Which projection results from projecting meridians and parallels onto a plane from a point on the earth opposite the tangency point?
• In map making, what term describes the map used as a base for overlaying thematic data?
• What term is used for the representation of water features on maps?
• The analemma is a diagram that shows the sun’s position at solar noon over the year on a fixed meridian.
• The meridian used as a reference line for longitudinal measurements, from which the longitude grid is drawn, is called what?
• Which symbol is used to designate cadastral surveys by private enterprises?
• Which term refers to a relief-drawing technique using curves?
• Who is traditionally credited as the father of cartography?
• The products of sea-level factor times scale factor is called:
• In ancient times, the Philippines was called by the Chinese as what?
• What are lines on the Earth's surface that run parallel to the equator called?
• Related to the measurement of ocean or other water depths is called what?
• Topographic contour lines were first introduced for representation of the third dimension in 1729 by a Dutch surveyor
• What term refers to the pinpoints or crosses on the four sides of a map used to align color separation drawings?
• Cadastral maps such as municipal base maps, provincial base maps, and regional base maps are classifications of which type of base maps?
• The time indicated by the stars is called what?
• Cartographers are trained in geography of which scale?
• In the manufacture of standard concrete monuments to define survey positions, what is the correct concrete mix by parts of Cement, Sand, and Gravel?
• In urban areas, the easement required for the banks of arroyos, streams, esteros and rivers and the shore of seas and lakes throughout their entire length is within a zone of how many meters?
• What is the term for a line that crosses successive meridians at a constant angle (also called loxodrome)?
• Which map displays rock types in a stratigraphic unit and shows the location of sandstone within the formation?
• Which projection is conformal and used for navigation?
• The depth in the ground for Bureau of Lands Location Monuments is how many centimeters?
• For coordinates 14°49'N and 120°54'E, which cadastral number corresponds to the bottom left quadrant of the 1:500 sectional map for Sector 1-C?
• Which term is the science of creating maps from photographs?
• The most important part of an aerial camera that gathers light rays and brings them into focus on the focal plane behind the lens is called what?
• What is the standard size of the Bureau of Lands Location Monuments?
• At coordinates 14°49'N, 120°54'E, which cadastral number corresponds to the 1:1000 scale in the bottom-left quadrant?
• Which map type displays the surface resulting from structural elements such as faults and folds and shows how much the rock layers have been deformed?
• Which symbol is used to designate public land surveys such as National Government Land or Private Consolidation of undecreed property?
• What is the minimum diameter for cylindrical corner monuments?
• A symbolized picture of the Earth's pattern drawn to scale on a horizontal projection with lettering for identification is known as what?
• For the 1:1000 sectional cadastral map at the top right, what is the cadastral designation?
• The rate of rise or fall of the ground surface is known as its?
• Which term refers to a reference element used to relate other map elements?
• Along natural boundaries defined by wooden stakes, which corners shall be monumented?
• Which symbol is used for hydrographic surveys?
• For regions that extend predominantly north-south, which projection is commonly used?
• Which coordinate is expressed as degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian?
• Which symbol is used to designate public land surveys such as Consolidation and subdivision of undecreed property?
• Device used as tools in projecting or plotting different curves?
• Boundary lines of parcels shall not exceed how many meters in length (except inside classified forest lands)?
• Maps portrayed by which projection are used for navigation by trans-polar routes and for radio and seismic work due to great-circle directions?
• First and second-order leveling are commonly termed which type of leveling?
• Which instrument is used to measure angles on maps?
• Which projection is recommended as a test projection (yardstick) to evaluate projection success and bearing/distance error?
• Cadastral maps are reproduced primarily for which purpose?
• Which artifact results from overlaying two halftone grids, creating repeating patterns?
• Which symbol is used to designate public land surveys such as subdivision of individual property?
• In a lateral projection, the area can be represented by the expression
• Height of hills and mountains over the adjacent valleys, basins, or plains.