Which area of photogrammetry uses measurements made on aerial photographs to obtain quantitative data about the earth's surface?

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The key idea is turning measurements taken from aerial photographs into real-world quantities. Metric photogrammetry focuses on precision and quantitative outputs, using the geometry of stereo models, image scale, and ground control to derive accurate distances, elevations, areas, and volumes on the Earth's surface. By calibrating measurements from the photos to real-world coordinates, this approach yields exact data rather than just a visual interpretation. In contrast, aerial photogrammetry is a broader term for extracting information from air photos, interpretive photogrammetry emphasizes describing features qualitatively, and extraterrestrial photographs fall outside Earth surface measurement. So, metric photogrammetry best fits the task of producing quantitative surface data from aerial imagery.