The difference in direction of an object as observed from two different positions is called what?

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Parallax is the apparent angular shift of an object's direction when viewed from two different positions. This happens because each observation point creates a different line of sight to the object, and the angle between those lines is the parallax angle. The size of the shift grows with a larger baseline (the distance between the two positions) and with a nearer object, which is why nearby objects seem to move more against a distant background. A simple everyday example is when you hold your finger in front of your face and switch which eye you use; the finger appears to jump against the far background. In mapping and surveying, parallax describes this two-position shift, whereas azimuth or bearing refer to the direction from a single observer to the object, and perspective relates to how scenes are drawn or perceived rather than the two-position shift itself.